Before you read further, please understand that most bitcoin users don't mine! Bitcoin mining is a business and very competitive one. Mining only makes sense if you plan to do it for fun and thus don't care if you make a profit, or if you can do it very efficiently and for a profit.
First step
To begin you need a computer with good card video, and internet connection. It's very important having the latest controllers of card video and chipset to earn the best performance. For more...
There are two basic ways to mine: On your own or as part of a pool. Almost all miners choose to mine on a pool because it takes the luck out of the process. Before you join a pool, make sure you have a bitcoin wallet so you have a place to store your bitcoins. Next you need to join a mining pool like Eclipse, Eligius or BTC Guild. With pool mining, the profit from any block a member generates is divided up among the members of the pool. This gives the pool members a more frequent, steady payout (this is called reducing your variance), but your payout(s) will be less unless you use a zero fee pool like Eclipse. Solo mining will give you large, infrequent payouts and pooled mining will give you small, frequent payouts, but both add up to the same amount if you're using a zero fee pool.
Once you have your client set up or you have registered with a pool, the next step is to set up the actual mining software. The most popular GPU/FPGA/ASIC miner at the moment is BFGminer or CGminer. For a full GUI experience, try EasyMiner.
If you want a quick taste of mining without installing any software, try Bitcoin Plus, a browser-based CPU Bitcoin miner. As a CPU miner it's not cost-efficient for serious mining, but it does illustrate the principle of pooled mining very well.
Second step
Now yet you can setup one of more programs to mining, for example:
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If you want, you can test the programs before join to any pool.
Last step
In this last step you need join to any mining pool, because today the mining difficulty is very very high, and you can not find any block on their own.
So you can go to any mining pool, join it, create one or more workers, and put your worker details into any mining program. Once done, click start and wait while you make bitcoins. You can see your earnings on pool webpage.
My recommendations about mining pools are:
Mining Bitcoins - Mining bitcoins requires an investment in specialized bitcoin mining hardware designed to process double round sha256 hash verifications at high speed. Many excellent systems are available.
It's important to point out that bitcoin mining is highly competitive and risky for would be participants. Please see ourbitcoin mining page for more detail.
The manufacturers who have successfuly shipped bitcoin mining hardware in volume are:
- Butterfly Labs
- Avalon
- BitFurry
- KNC
- AsicMiner
Technical Background
During mining, your computer runs a cryptographic hashing function (two rounds of SHA256) on what is called a block header. For each new hash, the mining software will use a different number as the random element of the block header, this number is called the nonce. Depending on the nonce and what else is in the block the hashing function will yield a hash which looks like this:
93ef6f358fbb998c60802496863052290d4c63735b7fe5bdaac821de96a53a9a
You can look at this hash as a really long number. (It's a hexadecimal number, meaning the letters A-F are the digits 10-15.) Now to make mining difficult, there is what's called a difficulty target. To create a valid block your miner has to find a hash that is below the difficulty target.
So if for example the difficulty target is
1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
any number that starts with a zero would be below the target, e.g.:
0787a6fd6e0782f7f8058fbef45f5c17fe89086ad4e78a1520d06505acb4522f
If we lower the target to
0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
we now need two zeros in the beginning to be under it:
00db27957bd0ba06a5af9e6c81226d74312a7028cf9a08fa125e49f15cae4979
Because the target is such an unwieldy number with tons of digits, people generally use a simpler number to express the current target. This number is called the mining difficulty. The mining difficulty expresses how much harder the current block is to generate compared to the first block. So a difficulty of 70000 means to generate the current block you have to do 70000 times more work than Satoshi had to do generating the first block. Though be fair though, back then mining was a lot slower and less optimized.
The difficulty changes every 2016 blocks. The network tries to change it such that 2016 blocks at the current global network processing power take about 14 days. That's why, when the network power rises, the difficulty rises as well.
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